Optical Port Auto-Negotiation Method, Optical Module, Central Office End Device, and Terminal Device

ABSTRACT

The present application provides an optical port auto-negotiation method, including: a: selecting a downstream to-be-received wavelength; b: listening to a downstream message on the selected downstream to-be-received wavelength, performing c if a wavelength idle message is received, and returning to a if no wavelength idle message is received within a specified or fixed time, where the wavelength idle message is used to identify that the wavelength is not occupied or not allocated; c: sending a wavelength application message on an upstream wavelength, performing d if a wavelength grant message is received in a downstream direction; otherwise, going back to a or b, where the wavelength application message is used to identify a request for allocation of the wavelength, and the wavelength grant message is used to identify acknowledgment of wavelength allocation; and d: setting an optical port auto-negotiation success flag bit. The present application further provides an optical module.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/586,837, filed on May 4, 2017, which is a continuation ofInternational Application No. PCT/CN2014/090325, filed on Nov. 5, 2014,all of the afore-mentioned patent applications are hereby incorporatedby reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to optical communications technologies,and in particular, to an optical port auto-negotiation method, anoptical module, a central office end device, and a terminal device.

BACKGROUND

With a continuous increase in bandwidth requirements of users andsupport from broadband strategies of governments of various countries,passive optical networks (PON) are massively deployed around the globe.

Generally, a PON system includes an optical line terminal (OLT) locatedin a central office, multiple optical network units (ONUs) or opticalnetwork terminals (ONTs) located at a user side, and an opticaldistribution network (ODN) used to perform multiplexing/demultiplexingon an optical signal between the optical line terminal and the opticalnetwork units. The optical line terminal and the optical network unitperform upstream and downstream data transceiving by using opticalmodules disposed in the optical line terminal and the optical networkunit. Because a Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), an Ethernetpassive optical network (EPON), a 10GPON, or a 10GEPON that is currentlydeployed or is being deployed is a single-wavelength system, that is,there is only one wavelength in an upstream (a direction from the ONU tothe OLT is referred to as upstream) direction and a downstream (adirection from the OLT to the ONU is referred to as downstream)direction, an upstream bandwidth and a downstream bandwidth are sharedby multiple ONUs, limiting bandwidth improvement of each ONU. For easeof description, the following ONU is an alternative name of an ONUand/or ONT.

To improve a transmission bandwidth of a same fiber, the InternationalTelecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITUTelecommunication Standardization Sector, ITU-T) standard organizationis formulating a time wavelength division multiplex passive opticalnetwork (TWDM-PON). The TWDM-PON is a time division multiplex (TDM) andwavelength division multiplex (WDM) hybrid system. In the downstreamdirection, there are multiple (generally 4 to 8) wavelengths to betransmitted in a WDM manner, and in the upstream direction, there arealso multiple (generally 4 to 8) wavelengths to be transmitted in a WDMmanner. Each ONU may choose to receive data of any downstream wavelengthand uploads data by using any upstream wavelength. Specific wavelengthallocation is controlled by the OLT, and function control is mainlyperformed by a Media Access Control (MAC) module of the OLT. Eachwavelength works in a TDM mode. That is, one wavelength may be connectedto multiple ONUs, each ONU connected to a same wavelength in thedownstream direction occupies a bandwidth of a partial timeslot, andeach ONU connected to a same wavelength in the upstream directionuploads data in a time division manner. In the TWDM-PON, whichwavelength an ONU is registered with is controlled by the OLT. Because alaser diode (LD) implementing electrical-to-optical conversion and aphoto detector (PD) implementing optical-to-electrical conversion are inan optical module, which is generally a pluggable optical module such asa small form-factor pluggable (SFP), the OLT needs to use a MAC of theONU to control an optical module of the ONU to select a particularwavelength for receiving and sending. Therefore, two problems exist: oneis that complex interaction is needed between an OLT and an ONU; and theother is that an optical module cannot work independently of an ONU andan OLT, that is, an optical module used in a TWDM-PON cannot be used inanother WDM scenario, for example, cannot be used as an optical moduleof an Ethernet switch optical port.

Another manner for improving a transmission bandwidth of a same fiber isa wavelength division multiplex passive optical network (WDM-PON). Aspecific structure is shown in FIG. 3. An operating wavelength of eachONU is determined by an array waveguide grating (AWG) because awavelength passing through each AWG port is determinate, and an opticalmodule of each ONU works at a different wavelength. In a WDM-PON, thereare mainly two types of optical modules. One is that a wavelength of anoptical module of each ONU is fixed, that is, an optical module iscolored. In this case, N optical modules of different types are neededto deploy one WDM-PON. N is a quantity of ports of an AWG. Storage andmanagement of optical modules are relatively troublesome. The otheroptical module has a tunable wavelength and is also referred to as acolorless optical module. There are multiple manners for implementing acolorless optical module. CN201010588118.2 provides a self-seededcolorless WDM-PON solution. An external cavity laser is implemented bychanging an ODN structure and adding a reflector between two AWGs.Autonomous wavelength selection is directly performed by using an AWG,to select a wavelength of each ONU optical module. FIG. 4 is a tunablelaser-based WDM-PON. A self-seeded colorless WDM-PON needs to modify anexisting ODN network and is not suitable for a splitter-based ODNnetwork. These splitter-based ODN networks have been deployed on aglobal scale and are used for GPON or EPON access routing. Allocationand management of a wavelength of a tunable laser-based colorlessWDM-PON optical module are still in the charge of OLT and ONU devices.Tight coupling between the devices and the optical module limits thatsuch colorless optical modules can be applied only to WDM-PON devicessupporting wavelength allocation and management but cannot be directlyused as optical modules of Ethernet switches that are already widelyused.

Therefore, the prior art still cannot provide a colorless opticalmodule, which can be directly used as an optical module of aconventional Ethernet switch or another network device already deployed.

SUMMARY

To resolve the foregoing problem, embodiments of the present inventionprovide an optical port auto-negotiation method, an optical module, acentral office end device, and a terminal device. Technical solutions ofthe embodiments of the present invention are as follows.

According to a first aspect, an optical port auto-negotiation methodincludes the following steps. a: selecting, by a first optical module, adownstream to-be-received wavelength; b: listening to a downstreammessage on the selected downstream wavelength to be received, performingc if a wavelength idle message from a second optical module is received,and returning to a if no wavelength idle message is received within aspecified or fixed time, where the wavelength idle message is used toidentify that the downstream to-be-received wavelength is not occupiedor not allocated. The method also includes c: sending a wavelengthapplication message on an upstream wavelength corresponding to thedownstream wavelength, going to d if a wavelength grant message isreceived in a downstream direction; otherwise, returning to a or b,where the wavelength application message is used to identify that thefirst optical module requests the second optical module to allocate thedownstream wavelength, and the wavelength grant message is used toidentify that the second optical module allocates the downstreamwavelength to the first optical module. The method also includes d:setting, by the first optical module, an optical port auto-negotiationsuccess flag bit, where the wavelength application message is coupled toa data signal and is sent to the second optical module by using a datachannel.

With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementationmanner of the first aspect, a correspondence between upstreamwavelengths and downstream wavelengths is stored in the first opticalmodule in a form of a table, where the correspondence is agreed upon inadvance, or is dynamically configured by an optical network unit ONUdevice by using an interface between the ONU device and the firstoptical module at an ONU-side, or is delivered to a processor of thefirst optical module at the ONU side by using a control message.

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the firstaspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect,if the correspondence between upstream wavelengths and downstreamwavelengths is agreed upon in advance or dynamically configured, thefirst optical module sets an operating wavelength or a to-be-sentwavelength of a sending component of the first optical module at anymoment before the wavelength application message is sent.

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the firstaspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect,if the correspondence between upstream wavelengths and downstreamwavelengths is delivered by using a control message, an operatingwavelength or an upstream wavelength of a sending component of the firstoptical module is set after the wavelength idle message from the secondoptical module is received and before the wavelength application messageis sent.

With reference to the first aspect or any possible implementation mannerof the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of thefirst aspect, the wavelength idle message and the wavelength grantmessage are broadcast or multicast messages.

With reference to the first aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner ofthe first aspect, a message frame of the wavelength application messageincludes a local to-be-sent wavelength field, and the local to-be-sentwavelength field denotes wavelength information by using an absolutevalue, a relative value, or a channel number.

With reference to the first aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner ofthe first aspect, a message frame of the wavelength idle messageincludes an allowed laser spectral width field, a channel intervalfield, or a system type field.

With reference to the first aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation mannerof the first aspect, the message frame of the wavelength idle message iscoded by using a random code.

With reference to the seventh possible implementation manner of thefirst aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner of the firstaspect, multiple bits are used to represent the frame header when alength M of a random code representing data in a frame header field ofthe message frame of the wavelength idleness message is the same as alength of a random code N representing data content in a data field, andone bit is used to represent the frame header when M is not the same asN.

With reference to the seventh possible implementation manner of thefirst aspect, in a ninth possible implementation manner of the firstaspect, when the wavelength idle message is coded by using a randomcode, random sequences of different lengths are used to represent 0 and1 respectively.

With reference to the first aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the first aspect, in a tenth possible implementation manner ofthe first aspect, the message frame of the wavelength idle message iscoded by using a square-wave frequency signal or a sine-wave frequencysignal.

According to a second aspect, an optical port auto-negotiation methodincludes periodically sending, by a local optical module, a wavelengthidle message to a peer optical module, and listening in an upstreamdirection, where the wavelength idle message is used to identify that afirst wavelength is an idle wavelength, or a first wavelength is notoccupied or not allocated. The method also includes suspending sendingthe wavelength idle information when a message, sent by the peer opticalmodule, for requesting allocation of the first wavelength is received;sending a wavelength application success message to the peer opticalmodule. The method also includes setting an internal state when aresponse message sent by the peer optical module is received, where thesetting is used to identify completion of a wavelength negotiation,where the wavelength idle message or the wavelength application successmessage is coupled to a data signal and is delivered to the peer opticalmodule by using a data channel.

With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementationmanner of the second aspect, the method further includes sending awavelength acknowledgment message to the peer optical module before theinternal state is set.

With reference to the second aspect and the first possibleimplementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possibleimplementation manner of the second aspect, the method further includes:when a sending component and a receiving component of the local opticalmodule are components with a tunable wavelength or capable of tuning awavelength, setting, by the optical module, operating wavelengths of thesending component and the receiving component according to configurationinformation.

With reference to the second aspect, in a third possible implementationmanner of the second aspect, the wavelength idle message and thewavelength application success message are coded by means offrequency-shift keying FSK.

With reference to the third possible implementation manner of the secondaspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect,the wavelength idle message and the wavelength application successmessage are coded in a spectrum spreading manner, and the spectrumspreading manner is used to identify that spectrum spreading isperformed on original signals 0 and 1 by using a random code, and thenthe signals are superposed with a data signal and transmitted.

According to a third aspect, an optical module includes a sendingcomponent, a processing component, and a receiving component, where thereceiving component is configured to select a downstream to-be-receivedwavelength. The processing component is configured to listen to adownstream message on the selected downstream to-be-received wavelength,and send a wavelength application message on an upstream wavelengthcorresponding to the downstream to-be-received wavelength by using thesending component when a wavelength idle message from a peer opticalmodule is received. The processing component is further configured toset an optical port negotiation flag bit of the optical module tosuccess when the receiving component receives a wavelength grant messagein a downstream direction; and the processing component is furtherconfigured to couple a wavelength request message to a data signal, sothat the wavelength request message is sent by using a data channel.

With reference to the third aspect, in a second possible implementationmanner of the third aspect, if the correspondence between upstreamwavelengths and downstream wavelengths is agreed upon in advance ordynamically configured, the processing component of the optical moduleis further configured to set an operating wavelength or a to-be-sentwavelength of the sending component of the optical module at any momentbefore the wavelength application message is sent.

With reference to the third aspect, in a third possible implementationmanner of the third aspect, if the correspondence between upstreamwavelengths and downstream wavelengths is delivered by using a controlmessage, the processing component of the optical module is furtherconfigured to set an operating wavelength or an upstream wavelength ofthe sending component of the optical module after the wavelength idlemessage from the peer optical module is received and before thewavelength application message is sent.

With reference to the third aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the third aspect, in a fourth possible implementation mannerof the third aspect, a message frame of the wavelength applicationmessage includes a local to-be-sent wavelength field, and the localto-be-sent wavelength field denotes wavelength information by using anabsolute value, a relative value, or a channel number.

With reference to the third aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the third aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner ofthe third aspect, a message frame of the wavelength idle messageincludes an allowed laser spectral width field, a channel intervalfield, or a system type field.

With reference to the third aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the third aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner ofthe third aspect, the message frame of the wavelength idle message iscoded by using a random code.

With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the thirdaspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the third aspect,multiple bits are used to represent the frame header when a length M ofa random code representing data in a frame header field of the messageframe of the wavelength idle message is the same as a length of a randomcode N representing data content in a data field, and one bit is used torepresent the frame header when M is not the same as N.

With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the thirdaspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner of the third aspect,when the wavelength idle message is coded by using a random code, randomsequences of different lengths are used to represent 0 and 1respectively.

With reference to the third aspect and any possible implementationmanner of the third aspect, in a ninth possible implementation manner ofthe third aspect, the message frame of the wavelength idle message iscoded by using a square-wave frequency signal or a sine-wave frequencysignal.

According to a fourth aspect, an optical module includes a sendingcomponent, a receiving component, and a processing component, where thesending component periodically sends a wavelength idle message to a peeroptical module and the receiving component listens in an upstreamdirection, and the wavelength idle message is used to identify that afirst wavelength is an idle wavelength, or a first wavelength is notoccupied or not allocated. The receiving component suspends sending thewavelength idle information when receiving a message, sent by the peeroptical module, for requesting allocation of the first wavelength; thesending component is further configured to send a wavelength applicationsuccess message to the peer optical module. The processing component isconfigured to set an optical port negotiation flag bit of the opticalmodule to success when the receiving component receives a responsemessage sent by the peer optical module, where the processing componentis further configured to couple the wavelength idle message or thewavelength application success message to a data signal, so that thewavelength idle message or the wavelength application success message issent to the peer optical module by using a data channel.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in a first possible implementationmanner of the fourth aspect, the sending component is further configuredto send a wavelength acknowledgment message to the peer optical modulebefore the internal state is set.

With reference to the fourth aspect or the first possible implementationmanner of the fourth aspect, in a second possible implementation mannerof the fourth aspect, when the sending component and the receivingcomponent of the local optical module are components with a tunablewavelength or capable of tuning a wavelength, the optical module setsoperating wavelengths of the sending component and the receivingcomponent according to configuration information.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in a third possible implementationmanner of the fourth aspect, the wavelength idle message and thewavelength application success message are coded by means offrequency-shift keying FSK.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in a fourth possible implementationmanner of the fourth aspect, the wavelength idle message and thewavelength application success message are coded in a spectrum spreadingmanner, and the spectrum spreading manner is used to identify thatspectrum spreading is performed on original signals 0 and 1 by using arandom code, and then the signals are superposed with a data signal andtransmitted.

A fifth aspect provides a central office end device, including theoptical module according to the fourth aspect and any possibleimplementation manner of the fourth aspect.

A sixth aspect provides a terminal device, including the optical moduleaccording to the third aspect and any possible implementation manner ofthe third aspect.

An optical module provided in the present application couples controlinformation to a data signal, so that the optical module autonomouslycompletes optical port auto-negotiation, so as to implement automaticwavelength negotiation and configuration of a tunable optical modulewithout participation of a device. Therefore, an optical module providedin the present application can be used as an optical module of anexisting network device or Ethernet device, and can enhance universalityof a tunable optical module and lower use complexity and management andmaintenance costs of a communications network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing GPON passiveoptical network system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing TWDM-PON passiveoptical network system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing self-seededcolorless WDM-PON passive optical network system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing tunablelaser-based WDM-PON passive optical network system;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a PON system according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of optical port auto-negotiation of an OLT-sideoptical module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of optical port auto-negotiation of an ONU-sideoptical module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a frame format of a control messageaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another frame format of a controlmessage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another frame format of a controlmessage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another frame format of a controlmessage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of expressing a control message frame byusing a random code according to an embodiment of the present invention;and

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of performing coding or frequencymodulation on a control message frame by using a square-wave frequencysignal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

An optical module having an optical port auto-negotiation function andan optical port auto-negotiation method and system thereof provided inthe present application are described in detail below with reference tospecific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a GPON passive opticalnetwork system. The passive optical network system includes an opticalline terminal (OLT) no and multiple optical network units (ONUs) 120.The OLT 110 is connected to the ONUs 120 by using an opticaldistribution network (ODN) 130. The OLT no further includes a dataprocessing module in and an optical module 112. The data processingmodule may also be referred to as a MAC module and is configured tomanage and control the optical module 112. The ODN 130 further includesa feeder fiber 133, a first-level splitter 131, a first-leveldistribution fiber 134, a second-level splitter 132, and a second-leveldistribution fiber 135. The ONU further includes an optical module 123configured to receive a downstream optical signal and send an upstreamoptical signal.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a TWDM-PON passive opticalnetwork system. The TWDM-PON system includes an OLT 210, multiple ONUs220, and an ODN 230. The OLT 210 is connected to the multiple ONUs 220by using the ODN 230 in a point-to-multi-point (P2MP) manner. Themultiple ONUs 220 share an optical transmission medium of the ODN 230.The ODN 230 may include a feeder fiber 231, an optical power splittermodule 232, and multiple distribution fibers 233. The optical powersplitter module 232 may be disposed at a remote node (RN). The opticalpower splitter module, on one hand, is connected to the OLT 210 by usingthe feeder fiber 231, and on the other hand, is connected to themultiple ONUs 220 by using the multiple distribution fibers 233. In theTWDM-PON system, communications links between the OLT 210 and themultiple ONUs 220 may include multiple wavelength channels, and themultiple wavelength channels share the optical transmission medium ofthe ODN 230 in a WDM manner. Each ONU 220 may operate on one of thewavelength channels in the TWDM-PON system, and each wavelength channelmay bear services of one or more ONUs 220. In addition, ONUs 220operating on a same wavelength channel may share the wavelength channelin a TDM manner. In FIG. 2, a description is provided by using anexample in which the TWDM-PON system has four wavelength channels. Itshould be understood that in actual applications, a quantity ofwavelength channels of the TWDM-PON system may further be determinedaccording to network requirements.

For ease of description, the four wavelength channels of the TWDM-PONsystem in FIG. 2 are named a wavelength channel 1, a wavelength channel2, a wavelength channel 3, and a wavelength channel 4 respectively. Eachwavelength channel separately uses a pair of upstream and downstreamwavelengths. For example, an upstream wavelength and a downstreamwavelength of the wavelength channel 1 may be λu1 and λd1 respectively;an upstream wavelength and a downstream wavelength of the wavelengthchannel 2 may be λu2 and λd2 respectively; an upstream wavelength and adownstream wavelength of the wavelength channel 3 may be λu3 and λd3respectively; an upstream wavelength and a downstream wavelength of thewavelength channel 4 may be λu4 and λd4 respectively. Each wavelengthchannel may separately have a corresponding wavelength channelidentifier (for example, channel numbers of the foregoing fourwavelength channels may be 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively). That is, awavelength channel identifier has a matching relationship with upstreamand downstream wavelengths of the wavelength channel that are identifiedby the wavelength channel identifier. The OLT 210 and the ONUs 220 maylearn upstream wavelengths and downstream wavelengths of wavelengthchannels according to wavelength channel identifiers.

The OLT 210 may include an optical coupler 211, a first wavelengthdivision multiplexer 212, a second wavelength division multiplexer 213,multiple downstream optical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4, multiple upstreamoptical receivers Rx1 to Rx4, and a processing module 214. The multipledownstream optical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4 are connected to the opticalcoupler 211 by using the first wavelength division multiplexer 212, themultiple upstream optical receivers Rx1 to Rx4 are connected to theoptical coupler 211 by using the second wavelength division multiplexer213, and the coupler 211 is further connected to the feeder fiber 231 ofthe ODN 230.

Transmit wavelengths of the multiple downstream optical transmitters Tx1to Tx4 are different. Each of the downstream optical transmitters Tx1 toTx4 may separately correspond to one wavelength channel in the TWDM-PONsystem. For example, the transmit wavelengths of the multiple downstreamoptical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4 may be λd1 to λd4 respectively. Thedownstream optical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4 may transmit downstream datato corresponding wavelength channels by separately using the transmitwavelengths λd1 to λd4 thereof, so that the downstream data is receivedby ONUs 120 operating on the corresponding wavelength channels.Accordingly, receive wavelengths of the multiple upstream opticalreceivers Rx1 to Rx4 may be different from each other. Each of theupstream optical receivers Rx1 to Rx4 also separately corresponds to onewavelength channel in the TWDM-PON system. For example, the receivewavelengths of the multiple upstream optical receivers Rx1 to Rx4 may beλu1 to λu4 respectively. The upstream optical receivers Rx1 to Rx4 mayreceive, by separately using the receive wavelengths λu1 to λu4 thereof,upstream data sent by ONUs 220 operating on the corresponding wavelengthchannels.

The first wavelength division multiplexer 213 is configured to performwavelength division multiplexing processing on downstream data that istransmitted by the multiple downstream optical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4and that has the wavelengths of λd1 to λd4 respectively, and send thedownstream data to the feeder fiber 231 of the ODN 230 by using theoptical coupler 211, so as to provide the downstream data to the ONUs220 by using the ODN 230. In addition, the optical coupler 211 may befurther configured to provide the second wavelength division multiplexer213 with upstream data that comes from the multiple ONUs 220 and thathas the wavelengths of λu1 to λu4 respectively. The second wavelengthdivision multiplexer 213 may demultiplex the upstream data of which thewavelengths are λu1 to λu4 to the upstream optical receivers Rx1 to Rx4for data reception.

The processing module 214 may be a Media Access Control (MAC) module. Onone hand, the processing module 214 may specify operating wavelengthchannels for multiple ONUs 220 by means of wavelength negotiation, andprovide, according to an operating wavelength channel of a particularONU 220, the downstream optical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4 corresponding tothe wavelength channels with downstream data to be sent to the ONU 220,so that the downstream optical transmitters Tx1 to Tx4 transmit thedownstream data to a corresponding wavelength channel. On the otherhand, the processing module 214 may further perform dynamic bandwidthallocation (DBA) for upstream transmission on the wavelength channels,to allocate upstream transmission timeslots to ONUs 220 that aremultiplexed to a same wavelength channel in a TDM manner, to authorizethe ONUs 220 to send upstream data by using the corresponding wavelengthchannel in the specified timeslots.

An upstream transmit wavelength and a downstream receive wavelength ofeach ONU 220 are tunable. The ONU 220 may separately adjust, accordingto a wavelength channel specified by the OLT 210, an upstream transmitwavelength and a downstream receive wavelength of the ONU 220 to anupstream wavelength and a downstream wavelength of the wavelengthchannel, so as to send and receive upstream and downstream data by usingthe wavelength channel.

An optical module having an optical port auto-negotiation functionprovided in the present application is applicable to a network deviceconnected by using a splitter-based or an optical divider-basedpoint-to-multi-point fiber optic network. FIG. 5 is a schematicstructural diagram of a communications system connected by using asplitter-based point-to-multi-point fiber optic network. Thecommunications system includes at least one or more optical lineterminals (OLTs) 510, one or more optical network units (ONUs) 520, anda splitter-based point-to-multi-point optical distribution network (ODN)530. The OLT may a multi-port device or a single-port device. Themulti-port device refers to that multiple OLT ports are provided on onedevice, and the single-port device refers to that a device has only oneOLT port. In a multi-port OLT device provided in FIG. 5, each port 511may be referred to as an OLT port, an OLT service port, an OLT opticport, an OLT optical port, an optical module interface, or an interface.The OLT service port 511 provides an interface for an OLT-side opticalmodule 512. The ONU may have one or more optic ports 521, and each opticport 521 may be referred to as an optical interface or an interface. Apluggable optical module 522 may be inserted to each interface or one ormore ONU-side optical modules 522 may be installed on each interface,and the optical module provides the optical interface 521 (in this case,the optical module or functions of the optical module are integratedinside the ONU). The OLT-side optical module 512 and the ONU-sideoptical module 522 may be optical modules of a same type. Alternatively,a plurality of the OLT-side optical modules 512 may be integratedtogether. In this case, the OLT service port 511 is also referred to asa multi-path integrated OLT service port, a multi-path integrated OLToptical interface, or a multi-path integrated OLT optic port. Theoptical module having an optical port auto-negotiation function providedin the present application may be applied to an OLT side and may also beapplied to an ONU side. The optical module having an optical portauto-negotiation function may also be applied to a WDM-PON passiveoptical network shown in FIG. 4.

A downstream signal of the one or more OLT-side optical modules 512 iscoupled to the feeder fiber 531 by using a combiner 540. The combiner540 may be a splitter or a WDM device, such as an AWG. An upstreamsignal is received by one or more OLT-side optical modules 512 afterpassing through the combiner 540 from the feeder fiber 531. The OLT 510is usually located at a central position, such as a central office (COfor short), and may manage the one or more optical network units (ONUs)520 at the same time. The OLT 510 may act as a medium between the ONU520 and an upper-layer network (not shown in the figure), uses datareceived from the upper-layer network as downstream data, forwards thedownstream data to the ONU 520 by using the ODN 530, and forwardsupstream data received from the ONU 520 to the upper-layer network.

As shown in FIG. 6, in a specific implementation instance, FIG. 6 is aschematic structural diagram of the OLT-side optical module 512 or theONU-side optical module 522. The optical module includes a receivingcomponent 610, a limiting amplifier (LA) or a post amplifier (PA) 620, asending component 630, a laser diode driver (LDD) 640, a multiplexer(MUX) 670, a demultiplexer (DEMUX) 660, and a Media Access Control (MAC)module 650. The receiving component is a tunable receiving component.The tunable receiving component 610 may further include a tunable filter(TF) 611 and a component 612 used for electrical-to-optical conversionand pre-amplification. The sending component 630 may be a tunablesending component, and mainly includes a tunable laser (TL).

The OLT-side optical module 512 may also be a fixed-wavelength opticalmodule. In this case, the receiving component 610 does not include thetunable filter 611 and may include a fixed-wavelength filter. When theOLT-side optical module 512 is a fixed-wavelength optical module, thesending component 630 is also a fixed-wavelength sending component.

The MAC module (which may also be referred to as a processing component)650 is configured to implement an optical port negotiation functionbetween the OLT-side optical module 512 and the ONU-side optical module,including functions such as generating a local control signal, receivinga peer control signal, and processing a control signal. The controlsignal here may also be referred to as a control message, and refers toa message, such as a wavelength idle message, a wavelength applicationmessage, a wavelength grant message, or a wavelength acknowledgmentmessage, exchanged between the OLT-side optical module 512 and theONU-side optical module in the following specific embodiments. Messagesthat are sent or received by the optical modules at two sides in anegotiation process and that are relevant to wavelength negotiation canall be understood as control signals. The control signal mayindependently exist (this is mainly the case in a phase when a datareceiving and/or sending function of the system has not been startedafter the optical module just powers on, the optical module is justinserted into an optical interface, or the system is reset), may becoupled, in a form of a low-frequency signal, with a data signal, may becoupled, in a form of a high-frequency signal, with a data signal, ormay be coupled with a data signal in a manner of being superposed at thetop of the data signal, that is, amplitude modulation is performed onthe data signal.

In the OLT-side optical module 512, the multiplexer 670 is configured tomultiplex a downstream control signal and a downstream data signal thatare generated by the processor 650. The demultiplexer 660 is configuredto separate an upstream data signal and a control signal that are sentby the ONU optical module 522 at the ONU.

In the ONU-side optical module 522, the multiplexer 670 is configured tomultiplex an upstream control signal and an upstream data signal thatare generated by the processor 650. The demultiplexer 660 is configuredto separate a downstream data signal and a control signal that are sentby the OLT-side optical module 522.

Optionally, the multiplexer 670 may be a frequency combiner and couples,in a frequency domain, a data signal driven by the LDD 640 with thecontrol signal generated by the processor 650. For example, when acontrol signal may be a low-frequency signal of 0 to 10 MHz, themultiplexer 670 multiplexes the low-frequency control signal and ahigh-frequency data signal in the frequency domain.

Optionally, the multiplexer 670 includes a high pass filter (HPF) and alow pass filter (LPF), which are respectively configured to filter adata signal and a control signal before coupling.

Optionally, the HPF or the LPF may also be implemented outside themultiplexer 670. For example, the HPF is implemented in the LDD 640, andthe LPF may be implemented in the processor 650.

Optionally, when the sending component 630 is current-driven, the LDD640 provides a drive current for a data signal, and the processor 650provides a drive current for a control signal. In this case, themultiplexer 670 may be omitted, or only the drive current of the LDD 640and the drive current of the processor 650 are superposed to drive thesending component 630. In this case, the LDD 640 and the processor 650are connected to a cathode or an anode of the sending component 630.

Optionally, when the sending component 630 is voltage-driven, the LDD640 provides a drive voltage for a data signal, and the processor 650provides a drive voltage for a control signal. In this case, themultiplexer 670 is configured to superpose voltage signals, and thendirectly drive the sending component 630 or drive the sending component630 by using an extra circuit.

Optionally, the multiplexer 670 may be integrated in a laser diodedriver. When the sending component 630 is current-driven, the laserdiode driver outputs a hybrid drive current signal to drive the cathodeor anode of the sending component 630. When the sending component 630 isvoltage-driven, the laser diode driver outputs a hybrid drive voltagesignal to drive the sending component 630.

Optionally, the demultiplexer 660 is configured to decouple the datasignal and the control signal received by the receiving component 610.Optionally, the demultiplexer 660 includes an HPF and an LPF.Optionally, the HPF or LPF may also be implemented outside thedemultiplexer 660. For example, the HPF may be implemented in thelimiting amplifier LA or the post amplifier 620, and the LPF may beimplemented in the processor 650.

Optionally, the demultiplexer 660 may be integrated in the limitingamplifier (LA) or the post amplifier 620.

Optionally, the OLT-side optical module 512 may use the receivingcomponent 610 and the sending component 630 that have fixed wavelengths.

Optionally, the OLT-side optical module 512 may use the receivingcomponent 610 and the sending component 630 that have tunablewavelengths.

In one embodiment, a status machine of the OLT-side optical module 512for implementing optical port auto-negotiation with the ONU-side opticalmodule 522 is as follows: the status machine includes three states:state 1 is a wavelength idle state, which indicates that a wavelengthused by the optical module has not been allocated to any ONU, or afterbeing powered on or reset, the optical module has not performed opticalport auto-negotiation with any optical module; state 2 is a wavelengthpre-occupied state, and this state indicates that the optical module isperforming optical port auto-negotiation with an ONU-side opticalmodule, but has not completed the negotiation process, that is,wavelength allocation negotiation is being performed; state 3 is awavelength occupied state, and it indicates that in this state, theoptical module has successfully completed an optical portauto-negotiation function with an ONU-side optical module.

Specifically, the OLT-side optical module provided in the presentinvention includes: a sending component 630, a receiving component 610,and a processing component 650.

The sending component 630 periodically sends a wavelength idle messageto a peer optical module and listens in an upstream direction by usingthe receiving component 610. The wavelength idle message is used toidentify that a first wavelength is an idle wavelength, or a firstwavelength is not occupied or not allocated.

The receiving component bio suspends sending the wavelength idleinformation when receiving a message, sent by the peer optical module,for requesting allocation of the first wavelength.

The sending component 630 is further configured to send a wavelengthgrant message to the peer optical module.

The processing component 650 is configured to set an internal state whenthe receiving component bio receives a response message sent by the peeroptical module, and the setting is used to identify completion ofwavelength negotiation. The processing component 650 is furtherconfigured to generate control messages such as the wavelength idlemessage or the wavelength grant message, and finally, these controlsignals are sent to the peer optical module.

Further, the wavelength idle message is used to indicate that thewavelength has not been allocated to any ONU, or after being powered onor reset, the optical module has not performed optical portauto-negotiation with any optical module. The wavelength grant messageis used to indicate that the optical module is currently performingoptical port auto-negotiation with an ONU-side optical module, but hasnot completed a negotiation process, that is, wavelength allocationnegotiation is being performed.

Optionally, the receiving component 610 is further configured to receivea wavelength negotiation success message in the upstream direction. Thewavelength negotiation success message is used to indicate that theoptical module has successfully completed an optical portauto-negotiation function with an ONU-side optical module.

Optionally, the sending component is further configured to send awavelength acknowledgment message to the peer optical module before theinternal state is set.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7, an optical port auto-negotiationprocessing process of the OLT-side optical module using the receivingcomponent 610 and the sending component 630 that have fixed wavelengthsincludes the following steps.

Step 701: Periodically send a wavelength idle message and listen to anupstream receiving message, where the wavelength idle message is used toidentify that a wavelength is an idle wavelength, or a wavelength is notoccupied or not allocated.

Step 702: Suspend sending the wavelength idle information and perform anext step 703, after a wavelength request message sent by an ONU-sideoptical module is received.

Step 703: Send a wavelength application success message to the ONU-sideoptical module that sends the wavelength request message, where thewavelength application success message is used to identify a messagethat the wavelength has been pre-occupied, wait for a response, and if aresponse message is received, perform step 704; otherwise, go back tostep 701.

Step 704: Set an internal state, indicating that wavelength negotiationhas been completed, where the wavelength application message or theresponse message is coupled to a data signal and is sent to the peeroptical module by using a data channel.

Optionally, in step 704, before or after the internal state is set, awavelength acknowledgment message may be further sent to the ONU-sideoptical module.

Before a state 701, the OLT-side optical module 512 needs to set ato-be-sent wavelength of the tunable sending component 630 and/or areceive wavelength of the tunable receiving component 610 according toconfiguration information. The configuration information is delivered tothe OLT-side optical module 512 by an OLT device by using an interfacebetween the OLT device and the OLT-side optical module. Theconfiguration information may be one or more registers in the OLToptical module 512 or one or more configuration bits in one or moreregisters.

A sent and/or received message in the auto-negotiation processingprocess is referred to as a negotiation or an interaction message.Optionally, a coding mode of an interaction message may use afrequency-shift keying (FSK) form. That is, in a particular period, afirst frequency f0 is used to represent a signal “0”, and a secondfrequency f1 is used to represent a signal “1”. For example, 1 MHz isused to represent “0”, 1.5 MHz is used to represent “1”, and each “0”and “1” last duration of 1 ms (a data transmission rate of a controlchannel is 1 Kbps). The interaction message and a data signal aresuperposed in a frequency domain and then transmitted, or theinteraction message is transmitted after amplitude modulation isperformed on a data signal by using the interaction message, or theinteraction message is directly transmitted.

A coding mode of each interaction message may be represented by using aparticular frequency signal. For example, the wavelength idle message isrepresented by using a signal whose frequency is f0 (for example, f0=2MHz); a message indicating that a wavelength is occupied is representedby using a signal whose frequency is f1.

Further, the coding mode of the interaction message may be implementedin a spectrum spreading manner. That is, spectrum spreading is performedon original signals “0” and “1” by using a random code, and then thesignals are superposed with a data signal and transmitted, or thesignals after the spectrum spreading are directly transmitted.

In one embodiment, when the ONU-side optical module 522 uses thereceiving component 610 and the sending component 630 that have tunablewavelengths, a status machine of the ONU-side optical module 522implementing optical port auto-negotiation with the OLT-side opticalmodule 512 is as follows. The status machine includes four states: State1 is an initial state and is used to represent a state that the ONU-sideoptical module 522 enters after being powered on or reset, or a statethat the ONU-side optical module 522 enters after being powered on andenabled. In this state, the processing module selects a wavelengthaccording to a particular algorithm rule (for example, random selectionor a method according to ascending order of channels) and configures atunable receiving component to the selected receive wavelength. That is,the tunable receiving component may receive a downstream control signalof the selected wavelength. State 2 is a wavelength hunt state. In thisstate, the optical module 522 listens to a downstream control message onthe selected downstream wavelength. If no wavelength idle message isreceived within a specified time, return to the state 1; otherwise,enter state 3. State 3 is a wavelength pre-locking state, whichindicates that in this state, the optical module 522 has detected that awavelength corresponding to a particular OLT-side optical module 512 isnot occupied, or indicates an application to use a correspondingwavelength. State 4 is a wavelength locked state, which indicates thatthe ONU-side optical module 522 has locked a wavelength corresponding toa particular OLT-side optical module 512, or indicates that optical portauto-negotiation has been completed.

Specifically, the ONU-side optical module specifically includes: asending component 630, a processing component 650, and a receivingcomponent 610.

The receiving component 610 is configured to select a downstreamto-be-received wavelength.

The processing component 650 is configured to listen to a downstreammessage on the selected downstream to-be-received wavelength, and if awavelength idle message from a peer optical module is received, send awavelength application message on an upstream wavelength correspondingto the downstream to-be-received wavelength by using the sendingcomponent 630.

Optionally, the processing component 650 may be further configured toset an optical port negotiation success flag bit of the optical modulewhen the receiving component 610 receives a wavelength grant message ina downstream direction.

The wavelength application message is used to indicate that the ONU-sideoptical module applies to the OLT-side optical module for use of an idlewavelength or wavelength resource, or indicate that the ONU-side opticalmodule is in a wavelength pre-locking state.

Optionally, the sending component 630 is further configured to send aresponse message to the peer optical module. The response message isused to indicate that the ONU-side optical module is in a wavelengthpre-locking state. The processing component 650 is further configured tocouple the wavelength application message or the response message to adata signal and send the wavelength application message or the responsemessage to the peer optical module by using a data channel, or directlysend the wavelength application message or the response message to thepeer optical module.

Optionally, the optical module further includes a storage component. Thestorage component is configured to store a correspondence betweenupstream wavelengths and downstream wavelengths.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 8, the optical port auto-negotiationprocessing interaction process that uses the ONU-side optical module 522and the OLT-side optical module 512 includes the following steps.

Step 801: The optical module 522 selects a wavelength according to aparticular algorithm specification and configures a tunable receivingcomponent to work at the selected wavelength.

Step 802: Listen to a downstream message on the downstreamto-be-received wavelength; perform 803 if a wavelength idle message fromthe OLT-side optical module is received; and return to step 801 if nowavelength idle message indicating that a wavelength is idle is detectedwithin a specified time T1.

Step 803: Send a wavelength application message on an upstreamwavelength corresponding to the downstream wavelength and wait for theOLT-side optical module 512 to send a wavelength grant message; perform804 if the wavelength grant message is received within a specified timeT2; otherwise, go back to 801 or 802.

Step 804: The ONU-side optical module 522 enters an operating state thatoptical port auto-negotiation interaction is successful and sets anoptical port auto-negotiation interaction completion flag bit; or entersan operating state that optical port auto-negotiation interaction issuccessful, after sending a response message to the OLT-side opticalmodule 512, and sets an optical port auto-negotiation interactioncompletion flag bit. The wavelength application message or the responsemessage is coupled to a data signal and sent to a peer optical module byusing a data channel. The wavelength application message is used toidentify that a first optical module requests a second optical module toallocate the wavelength, and the wavelength grant message is used toidentify that the second optical module allocates the wavelength to thefirst optical module.

Further, an ONU device may read the optical port auto-negotiationcompletion flag bit by using an interface between the ONU device and theoptical module 522. If it is determined that the flag bit has been set,it indicates that interaction has been completed or wavelengthnegotiation has been completed, and then receiving and/or sending of adata signal may be started.

In the 803, the upstream wavelength corresponding to the downstreamwavelength or a correspondence between upstream wavelengths anddownstream wavelengths is stored in the optical module 522 in a form ofa table. The correspondence may be agreed upon in advance, or may bedynamically configured by the ONU device by using an interface betweenthe ONU device and the ONU-side optical module 522, or may be deliveredto a processor of the ONU-side optical module 522 by using a controlmessage indicating that the wavelength is idle.

Optionally, if the correspondence between upstream wavelengths anddownstream wavelengths is agreed upon in advance or dynamicallyconfigured, the optical module 522 may set an operating wavelength or ato-be-sent wavelength of a tunable sending component at any momentbefore sending the wavelength application message, for example, theoperating wavelength or to-be-sent wavelength is set in step 801 or step802.

Optionally, if the correspondence between upstream wavelengths anddownstream wavelengths is delivered by using the wavelength idlemessage, an operating wavelength or an upstream wavelength of a tunablesending component may be set after the wavelength idle message isreceived and before the wavelength application message is sent.

In the 803, if no wavelength application acknowledgment message isreceived within the specified time T2, further determining may beperformed. If a specified number of times for sending a wavelengthapplication control message on a N^(th) wavelength is less than aspecified numerical value, jump to step 802; this indicates that awavelength application attempt still needs to be made on the specifiedN^(th) wavelength. Otherwise, jump to step 801; this indicates that thewavelength application is still unsuccessful after a specified quantityof attempts are made on the specified N^(th) wavelength, and an attemptof applying for another wavelength still needs to be made by going to801.

The message indicating that a wavelength is idle may be an SN-Requestmessage in a broadcast or multicast form and is broadcast or multicastto all ONU-side optical modules 522 that can receive the wavelength, torequest the modules to report an SN.

The message indicating the wavelength application may be an SN-Responsemessage, such as an SN number of a reporting optical module 522, or maybe any identifier information or code information that can uniquelyidentify optical module.

The message indicating wavelength application acknowledgment may be anSN-Request message in a unicast form, for example, a message having anSN of a particular optical module 522.

The response message may be an SN-Response message, such as reporting anSN number of the optical module 522, or may be any identifier or codinginformation that can uniquely identify optical module information.

In a specific implementation manner, a frame structure of a messageindicating that a wavelength is idle, a message indicating that awavelength is occupied, or another message that is sent in a downstreamdirection is shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. The frame includes a frameheader field and a data field. The data field may be referred to as acontrol message field. The frame may further include a frame tail.

The frame may be sent in a burst manner. As shown in FIG. 9, frames maynot be connected, and no control message is delivered between twoframes. Frames may also be sent in a continuous manner, as shown in FIG.10. Frames are connected or are padded with idle frames. A length of themessage frame may be fixed or variable.

As shown in FIG. 11, when the message frame has a fixed length, a datafield includes a message type field and a message data field, and mayfurther include a check field. The check field may be a cyclicredundancy check field, a bit parity check field, or a check field ofanother type. The message data field includes message data of fixedbytes.

In another specific implementation manner, as shown in FIG. 12, when themessage frame has an unfixed length or a variable length, the data fieldincludes a message type field, a length field, and a message data field,and may further include a check field. The check field may be a cyclicredundancy check field, a bit parity check field, or a check field ofanother type. A length of the message data field is specified by thelength field.

The message type field may further include one or more fields. One fieldmay be used to describe that the message is a broadcast message, amulticast message, or a unicast message. Specifically, when the messagetype field is described by using one byte and has only one field,“0x01”, “0x02”, “0x03”, and the like are used to represent the foregoingbroadcast or multicast SN-Request, unicast SN-Request, SN-Response, andthe like respectively. Alternatively, the messages may also berepresented by using two fields: higher four bits are used to representbroadcast/multicast, or unicast, and lower four bits represent aspecific message type. For example, “0x11” and “0x01” represent thebroadcast or multicast SN-request and unicast SN-Request respectively.

The message data field may further include one or more fields, forexample, a local to-be-sent wavelength field, a local to-be-receivedwavelength field, or an expected to-be-received wavelength field. Thelocal to-be-sent wavelength field is used to deliver, to a peer opticalmodule, a wavelength sent by a local optical module. The localto-be-received wavelength field or the expected to-be-receivedwavelength field is used to deliver, to the peer optical module, awavelength of an optical signal received by the local optical module ora wavelength of an optical signal expected to be sent by the peer end.Alternatively, the message data field consists of one or more TLV (Type,Length, and Value) structures. Each TLV structure represents anattribute, a parameter, a configuration, or performance monitoring thatis to be exchanged between an OLT-side optical module and an ONU-sideoptical module, and includes three fields: T, L, and V. The field Trepresents an information type of the TLV structure, the field Lrepresents an information length, and the field V represents specificdata, content, information, or the like to be delivered.

Specifically, when a local end is an OLT-side optical module, a controlmessage sent to a peer ONU-side optical module may include the localto-be-sent wavelength field or a TLV field, and/or the localto-be-received wavelength field, the expected to-be-received wavelengthfield, or a TLV field. A description is provided here by using anSN-Request message as an example. The local to-be-sent wavelength fieldis used to notify the ONU-side optical module of downstream wavelengthinformation sent by the OLT-side optical module. The localto-be-received wavelength field or the expected to-be-receivedwavelength field is used to notify the ONU-side optical module of awavelength of an optical signal to be sent. If the ONU-side opticalmodule plans to respond to the SN-Request message, the ONU-side opticalmodule first adjusts a tunable laser to send a wavelength specified bythe local to-be-received wavelength field or the expected to-be-receivedwavelength field in the SN-Request message, and then sends anSN-Response message to the OLT-side optical module.

Specifically, when a local end is an ONU-side optical module, a messagesent to a peer OLT-side optical module may include the local to-be-sentwavelength field and/or the local to-be-received wavelength field or theexpected to-be-received wavelength field. A description is provided hereby using an SN-Response as an example. The local to-be-sent wavelengthfield is used to deliver, to the OLT-side optical module, wavelengthinformation of an optical signal sent by the local ONU optical module.The local to-be-received wavelength field or the expected to-be-receivedwavelength field is used to deliver, to the peer OLT-side opticalmodule, wavelength information of an optical signal received by thelocal ONU-side optical module.

Further, the wavelength information may be expressed in any one of thefollowing three manners:

In the first manner, the wavelength information is expressed by using anabsolute value. For example, if a sent wavelength is 1310.12 nm, a valueof the local to-be-sent wavelength field may be 131012, and the last twodigits are decimals by default. In this case, three bytes need to beused to deliver one piece of wavelength information.

In the second manner, the wavelength information is expressed by using arelative value. The wavelength information is a difference relative to areference wavelength. The reference wavelength is set to 1300 nm.Assuming that a sent wavelength is 1310.12 nm, a value of the localto-be-sent wavelength field may be 131012−130000=1012, where two latterdigits indicate decimals. Because current communications wavelengths areall below 1670 nm, in this case, one piece of wavelength information maybe delivered by using only two bytes.

In the third manner, the wavelength information is expressed by using achannel number. In this case, a wavelength needs to be pre-numbered or achannel for standardizing a wavelength is used to describe wavelengthinformation. For example, it is agreed that 1310.12 nm is a channel 1,and 1311.55 nm is a channel 3. If a channel number is used fordescription, when a value of the local to-be-sent wavelength field is 1,it indicates that a local to-be-sent wavelength is 1310.12 nm. When avalue of the local to-be-sent wavelength field is 3, it indicates thatthe local to-be-sent wavelength is 1311.55 nm.

Because spectral widths of different types of lasers may be different,when the OLT-side and ONU-side optical modules use lasers of differentspectral widths, a problem of interference between adjacent wavelengthsor in a same channel may exist. It is assumed that there are multipleoptical modules at an OLT side, and a wavelength interval betweenoptical modules may be 100 GHz, that is, a 100-GHz channel interval issupported. If a spectral width of a laser of an ONU-side optical moduleis greater than 100 GHz, an optical signal exceeding a channel intervalleaks to an adjacent channel. Therefore, when the ONU-side opticalmodule sends data or a control message to an OLT-side optical module,communication between another ONU-side optical module and acorresponding OLT-side optical module is interfered. To resolve theproblem, the message data field may further include: an allowed laserspectral width field, a channel interval field, or a system type field.When control management information delivered by the OLT-side opticalmodule to the ONU-side optical module includes an allowed laser spectralwidth field, assuming a value thereof is 0.4 (representing 0.4 nm), itindicates that only an ONU-side optical module whose laser spectralwidth is less than 0.4 nm is allowed to respond to the control messageof the OLT-side optical module. When a control message delivered by theOLT-side optical module to the ONU-side optical module includes achannel interval field, assuming that a value thereof is 100 (indicatingthat a channel interval is 100 GHz), it indicates that only an ONU-sideoptical module applicable to a 100-GHz channel interval is allowed torespond to the control message of the OLT-side optical module. When acontrol message delivered by the OLT-side optical module to the OLT-sideoptical module includes a system type field, assuming that a valuethereof is 1 (it is assumed that 1 represents coarse wavelength divisionmultiplexing; 2 represents dense wavelength division of a 100 G channelinterval; 3 represents dense wavelength division of a 50 G channelinterval; . . . ), it indicates that only an ONU-side optical moduleapplicable to a coarse wavelength division multiplexing system isallowed to respond to the control message of the OLT-side opticalmodule.

More specifically, a description is provided by using the broadcast ormulticast SN-Request message sent by the OLT-side optical module to theONU-side optical module as an example. It is assumed that the broadcastor multicast SN-Request message sent by the OLT-side optical moduleincludes an allowed laser spectral width field indicating that anallowed laser spectral width is 0.4 nm. After detecting the message, theONU-side optical module determines, according to the allowed laserspectral width field, whether a local laser spectral width exceeds 0.4nm. If the local laser spectral width exceeds 0.4 nm, the ONU-sideoptical module does not respond to the broadcast or multicast SN-Requestmessage. If the local laser spectral width is less than 0.4 nm, theONU-side optical module responds to the peer OLT optical module, andsends an SN-Response message on a wavelength configured by the ONU-sideoptical module, configured by the OLT-side optical module, or selectedby the OLT-side optical module.

When a message frame has a fixed length, specific structures of severalmessages for optical port auto-negotiation between the OLT-side opticalmodule and the ONU-side optical module are described below by usingexamples. Actual message structures may also include only some of thefields.

In the broadcast or multicast SN Request message, as shown in Table 1,the message type may be expressed by using one field. For example,“000000001” indicates that the message is a broadcast or multicastSN-Request message, or the message type is expressed by using twofields. Higher four bits indicate that the message is a broadcast ormulticast message or is a unicast message (0001 here represents abroadcast or multicast message), and lower four bits indicate that themessage type is SN-Request message. When the message type is expressedby using two fields, if a first byte is “00000001”, it indicates thatthe message is a unicast SN-Request. If the first byte is “00010001”, itindicates that the message is a broadcast or multicast SN-Requestmessage.

TABLE 1 Broadcast or Multicast SN Request Message Byte Content (Octet)(content) Description (Description) 1 0x01 or 0x11 A message type,indicating that the message is a broadcast or multicast SN-Requestmessage 2-4 149011 A sent wavelength is 1490.11 nm 5-7 155022 Anexpected to-be-received wavelength is 1550.22 nm 8 1 A coarse wavelengthdivision multiplexing module with a channel interval of 20 nm 1represents a channel interval of 20 nm 2 represents a channel intervalof 10 nm . . . 20 represents a channel interval of 0.8 nm 21 representsa channel interval of 0.4 nm . . .  9-24 Undefined Undefined

TABLE 2 SN Response Message Format Byte Content (Octet) (content)Description (Description) 1 0x02 A message type, indicating that themessage is a SN-Response 2-4 155022 A sent wavelength is 155022 nm 5-7149011 A received wavelength is 1490.11 nm 8 1 A coarse wavelengthdivision module with a channel interval of 20 nm 1 represents a channelinterval of 20 nm 2 represents a channel interval of 10 nm . . . 20represents a channel interval of 0.8 nm 21 represents a channel intervalof 0.4 nm . . .  9-24 XXXXX . . . XX An SN number or an identifier (16bytes) of an ONU-side optical module

In the control message frame, a random code may be used to express “0”and “1” in the message frame, or in other words, a control message frameis coded by using a random code, or spectrum spreading is performed on acontrol message frame by using a random code. Content in the frameheader field may be expressed by using PNm. Content in the data field isexpressed by using PNn. For example, “0” is expressed by using PNn, and“1” is expressed by using −PNn (−PNn refers to a signal negating a PNnsignal). The PN refers to a random code, and subscripts n and m eachrepresent a length of the random code PN. The length m of the randomcode representing data in the frame header field may be different fromthe length n of the random code representing data content in the datafield. When m is not equal to n, one bit (which may be 0 or 1, that is,one PNm or −PNm may be used) may be used to represent the frame header.When m=n, multiple bits (for example, four bits “low”) may be used torepresent the frame header.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, a random code (such as apseudo-random code) is used to represent a control message frame. 1101is a binary representation of a message frame generated by a controlfunctional module. A description is provided by using three bits “no” asan example. The message frame is coded by using a random code, togenerate a coded sequence 1102 “PNx, PNx, −PNx”, where PNx represents“1”, and −PNx represents “0”. A signal generated after the message frameis coded by using the random code is further used to perform amplitudere-modulation on a data signal, to generate a signal 1103 to be finallytransmitted in an optical fiber.

When the control message frame is coded by using a random code, randomsequences of different lengths may be used to represent “1” and “0”respectively. For example, PNa is used to represent “1”, PNb is used torepresent “0”, and lengths of two random codes PNa and PNb aredifferent.

The control message frame may also be coded by using a frequency signal,or in other words, frequency modulation is performed on the controlmessage frame by using a frequency signal. The frequency signal may be asquare-wave frequency signal or a sine-wave frequency signal. A frameheader field and a data field in the control message frame may be codedor frequency-modulated by using a same frequency signal, or may be codedor frequency-modulated by using different frequency signals. Forexample, “1” and “0” in the frame header field may be represented byusing signals of 1 KHz and 1.5 KHz respectively. “1” and “0” in the datafield are represented by using signals of 4 KHz and 3 KHz respectively.“1” and “0” in the frame header field and the data field may berepresented by using signals of 1 KHz and 1.5 KHz respectively. When theframe header field and the data field are expressed by using differentfrequency signals, a frame header may also be represented by using afrequency of only a period of time. For example, the frame header isrepresented by using a 10-KHz signal of 10 ms.

When a square-wave frequency signal is used to perform coding orfrequency modulation on the control frame, a description may be providedby using a schematic diagram shown in FIG. 14 as an example. It isassumed that square-wave signals whose frequencies are fa and fb areused to represent “1” and “0” respectively. After data “1001” in anoriginal frame 1201 is coded by using square-wave signals (orsquare-wave frequency signals) whose frequencies are fa and fb, a codedsignal that is spliced by “fa-fb-fb-fa” and that is shown by 1202 isobtained. Finally, the coded signal is used to perform re-modulation(1203) on a data signal or is directly sent to a peer end. It should bepointed out that only a re-modulated signal 1203 is provided herein.When a data signal does not exist or data transmission is not started,the signal coded in 1202 is directly sent to the peer end. In addition,when a sine wave is used to represent or code data in the controlmessage frame, the manner is similar to that used for a square-wavesignal, and details are not described herein again.

Further, a same frequency may be used, and signals of opposite phasesare used to represent “1” and “0” in the control message respectively.

Further, the embodiments of the present invention further provide acentral office end device. The OLT-side optical module provided in theforegoing embodiments is disposed on the central office end device.

Further, the embodiments of the present invention further provide aterminal device. The ONU-side optical module provided in the foregoingembodiments is disposed on the terminal device.

The foregoing descriptions are merely examples of specificimplementation manners of the present application, but are not intendedto limit the protection scope of the present application. Any variationor replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art withinthe technical scope disclosed in the present application shall fallwithin the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, theprotection scope of the present application shall be subject to theprotection scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: generating a codedinteraction message by coding a first interaction message using a randomcode; generating a handled interaction message by processing a datasignal and the coded interaction message; and transmitting the handledinteraction message.
 2. The method according to claim 1, whereingenerating the handled interaction message by processing the data signaland the coded interaction message comprises: generating the handledinteraction message by performing amplitude modulation on the datasignal using the coded interaction message.
 3. The method according toclaim 1, wherein generating the handled interaction message byprocessing the data signal and the coded interaction message comprises:generating the handled interaction message by superposing the codedinteraction message with the data signal.
 4. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the random code comprises a plurality of randomsequences, a first random sequence of the plurality of random sequenceshaving a first length represents a logical 0, and a second randomsequence of the plurality of random sequences having a second lengthrepresents a logical
 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:when a first length of a first random code representing data in a frameheader field of a message frame of the coded interaction message is thesame as a second length of a second random code representing datacontent in a data field of the message frame of the coded interactionmessage, multiple bits represent the frame header field; and when thefirst length is different than the second length, one bit represents theframe header field.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein thefirst interaction message comprises a wavelength idle message, awavelength application success message, a wavelength application messageor a wavelength grant message.
 7. A method, comprising: generating acoded interaction message by coding a first interaction message usingfrequency-shift keying (FSK); generating a handled interaction messageby processing a data signal and the coded interaction message; andtransmitting the handled interaction message.
 8. The method according toclaim 7, wherein generating the handled interaction message byprocessing the data signal and the coded interaction message comprises:performing amplitude modulation on the data signal using the codedinteraction message.
 9. The method according to claim 7, whereingenerating the handled interaction message by processing the data signaland the coded interaction message comprises: superposing the codedinteraction message with the data signal in a frequency domain.
 10. Themethod according to claim 7, wherein the first interaction messagecomprises a wavelength idle message, a wavelength application successmessage, a wavelength application message or a wavelength grant message.11. An optical module, comprising: a transmitter; and a processor;wherein the processor is configured to: generate a coded interactionmessage by coding a first interaction message using a random code; andgenerating a handled interaction message by processing a data signal andthe coded interaction message; and wherein the transmitter is configuredto transmit the handled interaction message.
 12. The optical moduleaccording to claim 11, wherein the processor being configured togenerate the coded interaction message by coding the first interactionmessage using the random code comprises the processor being configuredto: perform amplitude modulation on the data signal using the codedinteraction message.
 13. The optical module according to claim 11,wherein the processor being configured to generate the coded interactionmessage by coding the first interaction message using the random codecomprises the processor being configured to: superpose the codedinteraction message with the data signal.
 14. The optical moduleaccording to claim 11, wherein the random code comprises a plurality ofrandom sequences, a first random sequence of the plurality of randomsequences having a first length represents a logical 0, and a secondrandom sequence of the plurality of random sequences having a secondlength represents a logical
 1. 15. The optical module according to claim11, wherein: when a first length of a first random code representingdata in a frame header field of a message frame of the coded interactionmessage is the same as a second length of a second random coderepresenting data content in a data field of the message frame of thecoded interaction message, multiple bits represent the frame headerfield; and when the first length is different than the second length,one bit represents the frame header field.
 16. The optical moduleaccording to claim 11, wherein the first interaction message comprises awavelength idle message, a wavelength application success message, awavelength application message, or a wavelength grant message.
 17. Anoptical module, comprising: a transmitter; and a processor; wherein theprocessor is configured to: generate a coded interaction message bycoding a first interaction message using frequency-shift keying (FSK);and generate a handled interaction message by processing a data signaland the coded interaction message; wherein the transmitter is configuredto transmit the handled interaction message.
 18. The optical moduleaccording to claim 17, wherein the processor further configured toperform amplitude modulation on a data signal by using the codedinteraction message.
 19. The optical module according to claim 17,wherein the processor being configured to generate the coded interactionmessage by coding the first interaction message using FSK comprises theprocessor being configured to: superpose the coded interaction messagewith the data signal in a frequency domain.
 20. The optical moduleaccording to claim 17, wherein the first interaction message comprises awavelength idle message, a wavelength application success message, awavelength application message, or a wavelength grant message.